A programming paradigm refers to a particular way of programming and differs from one another depending on the features and style they support. A number of features determine a programming paradigm, including modularity, objects, control flow, interrupts or events, etc. Whether you are a Python developer or work on Java for your programming needs, you might still need a reason to use either Functional Programming or Object-Oriented Programming. As the leading java certification training provider, we have made a comparative analysis of both the paradigms for the young python developer and java developers to make a choice.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Object-oriented programming is defined as a programming style that uses objects to represent things you are programming about. The core building block here is the object itself, and without objects, we can’t use object orientation. These objects could be data structures that are held by the objects in attributes. These attributes can be manipulated with the functions or methods which are given to the object. OOP has multiple core concepts, but the most crucial is encapsulation. Encapsulation hides the variables within the class from outside access and protects them against accidental, unwanted, or malicious usage. OOP is used in Java, and recently, python developers have also started using it in their programming.
Functional Programming
Functional programming is defined as the style of programming that attempts to circumvent the change in state and mutable data. The fundamental elements here are the functions. These functions get arguments, make operations on those and then return the result. In Functional Programming, the output of a given function is the same for the exact same inputs given to the function.
Comparison
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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)Â |
Functional Programming |
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| 1 | OOP is good when you work with a fixed set of operations on things, and as your code progresses, you add new things. | Functional Programming is good when you work with a specific set of things, and as you progress, you add fresh operations on existing things. |
| 2 | It emphasises data rather than procedures | The importance is laid on functions and not on data. |
| 3 | It follows an imperative programming model | It uses a declarative programming model. |
| 4 | It does not provide the feature of parallel programming. | It supports parallel programming |
| 5 | Statements in the OOP style of programming follow an order, i.e., bottom-up approach during execution. | Statements in functional programming do not have the compulsion to follow any specific order during execution. |
| 6 | It offers encapsulation which hides the data and keeps it secure. | It does not offer data hiding features. |
Conclusion
As the best java certification training institute in London, we have observed that OOP is a great way to package and secure everything from unwanted external usage while working across different boundaries. On the other hand, functional programming works seamlessly when the complexity is limited. Both of these paradigms are not mutually exclusive and offer distinct advantages to the developers.
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